Comprehensive Plans: the Bradley County Comprehensive Plan, the City of Cleveland Comprehensive Plan, and the City of Charleston Comprehensive Plan

Northern Corridor Area Plan Draft for Planning Commission Review Draft Date: November 12, 2013 This page intentionally left blank. Table of Contents PLAN OVERVIEW __________________________________1 Overview . 1 CHAPTER 1: AREA PROFILE _________________________3 Overview . 3 Geographic Profile & Character . 3 Infrastructure & Facilities Overview . 4 Capacity for Growth . 6 CHAPTER 2: TARGETED PLANNING CHALLENGES _____7 Overview . 7 CHAPTER 3: MASTER PLAN__________________________11 Overview . 11 Plan Vision . 11 Plan Goals . 12 The Northern Corridor Area Master Plan Maps. 13 Future Land Use Recommendations . 16 Future Land Use Focus Areas . 24 Future Transportation Routes . 25 Future Utility Service Areas . 28 CHAPTER 4: ACTION STRATEGIES____________________31 Overview . 31 Strategies. 31 Plan Overview OVERVIEW The 2035 BCC Joint Strategic Plan identified areas within Bradley County requiring targeted planning analysis in order to plan for and accommodate anticipated regional growth. That plan forecasts that Bradley County may receive an influx of 32,000 new residents by 2035, increasing total county populations to 131,212 residents. To accommodate this estimated growth, the plan identified targeted areas for reinvestment, managed growth, and rural preservation. The Northern Corridor Area was identified as a managed growth area and was recommended for a targeted planning study to analyze the impact of growth on the area and to plan for its future. The Northern Corridor Area Plan is the result of this targeted planning study. The 2035 BCC Joint Strategic Plan offers the following guidelines and recommendations when working within a managed growth area: • Planning efforts to manage growth will be targeted in these areas through area plans and boundary coordination. • The future character of these areas will include a compatible mix of rural, traditional village, suburban neighborhood, and mixed-use town centers. • The specific vision for character and land use will be identified in the comprehensive and area plans. • Managed growth will be the product of jurisdictional coordination; coordination can be accomplished through a variety of tools such as annexation plans/agreements, Cooperative Economic Development Agreements (CEDA), and Joint Economic Development Agreements (JEDA). • Planning for these areas will identify efficient land use patterns; public facility and service needs and set asides; transportation networks; and resource protection areas. 1 Draft for Planning Commission November 2013 Overview • Economic development opportunities will be balanced with the protection of existing communities and natural and cultural resources, while providing growth and employment to the region. • Existing communities and neighborhoods will be protected from incompatible development. COORDINATED PLANS This area plan was developed for the area, located in northeastern Bradley County between the City of Cleveland and the industrial employment area of the I-75 Exit 33/Lauderdale Highway Area (future site of Wacker Chemie, and the current site of Amazon.com and Olin). The Northern Corridor Area includes the City of Charleston and portions of the City of Cleveland and unincorporated Bradley County within the study area boundaries. The Northern Corridor Area Plan was drafted in conjunction with two other plans: the Central City Area Plan and the Southern Corridor Area Plan; and three comprehensive plans: the Bradley County Comprehensive Plan, the City of Cleveland Comprehensive Plan, and the City of Charleston Comprehensive Plan. Known collectively as the BCC Comprehensive Plans, this group of documents plans for anticipated growth in Bradley County and coordinates among various jurisdictions, departments, and agencies to analyze how to best accommodate future growth in the region. PLAN CONTENTS This plan is a guide for public decision making and future development within the study area. It will be used by elected and appointed officials to evaluate future proposals or policy changes to ensure consistent decisions are made. The plan is structured as follows: • Vision: statements expressing the desired future for the study area. • Plan Goals: statements of desired outcomes, or the major aspirations of this plan. The vision and plan goals, stated in Chapter 3, resonate throughout the plan’s four chapters. • Chapter 1: Area Profile introduces the study • Chapter 3: Master Plan addresses those area, providing current geographic, challenges presented in Chapter 2. This chapter infrastructure and facility, and development includes the plan vision, plan goals, and capacity information. recommendations for future development within the study area. • Chapter 2: Targeted Planning Challenges discusses the topics of concern or interest that • Chapter 4: Action Strategies describes the were introduced to the planning process by the strategies the city may act upon to implement public, the planning team, and the area sub- the plan. committee. 2 Plan Overview | Northern Corridor Chapter 1: Area Profile OVERVIEW It is important to understand a planning area’s current conditions before making recommendations for and working towards a vision for future development. This chapter discusses the following existing conditions for the Northern Corridor Area (NCA): • Geographic Profile & Character • Infrastructure & Facilities • Capacity for Growth GEOGRAPHIC PROFILE & CHARACTER The NCA contains portions of the City of Cleveland and unincorporated Bradley County, as well as the entire City of Charleston. The NCA has an area of approximately 24 square miles. The boundaries of the area are meant to provide a general frame of reference for development recommendations and are not drawn to follow specific roadways or natural features. The boundaries are depicted on the Northern Corridor Area Master Plan Maps. The NCA includes portions of four parallel valleys separated by their respective ridges: Lower Candies Creek Valley on the western side of I-75, Mouse Creek Valley in the central portion of the area, Walker Valley in the west (along Lee Highway), and northern portions of Dry Valley. Each valley has its own established and emerging character related to how it has been developed and the function of the primary roads which provide access to each. The various roadways, and character of surrounding areas, include: • Frontage Road runs along the eastern side of Candies Creek Ridge on the western side of I-75. It is a two-lane rural road with moderate curves. Residential subdivisions are concentrated toward the southern portion of the road with smaller lots common in this area. There are significant rural residential properties with frontage on Frontage Road. The corridor is minimally developed with subdivisions due to challenging topography. Frontage Road is connected to Mouse Creek Road via Hooper Gap Road which runs east- west under I-75 approximately half-way between exit 27 and exit 33. 3 Draft for Planning Commission November 2013 Infrastructure & Facilities Overview • Mouse Creek Road runs parallel to I-75 along the eastern side of the interstate. The roadway runs almost seven miles north from Paul Huff Parkway to Lauderdale Highway without a cross street. Few alternate routes are provided to ease congestion along Mouse Creek Road. The topography in this area has allowed for more significant residential subdivision development, and the southern portions of the corridor are relatively built-out with smaller lot subdivisions. Mouse Creek Road is a two-lane rural roadway with limited or no shoulder and areas with extremely curvy alignments. Large lot residential and smaller frontage lots are predominant in the northern three-quarters of the corridor. TDOT’s Transportation Planning Report (TPR) found that upgrading Mouse Creek Road to a three-lane facility throughout the NCA would cost $50 million when all applicable federal and state standards are applied. • Route 11/North Lee Highway from Sequoia Road to Anatole Lane is a five-lane road with wide shoulders. North of Anotole Lane, the road narrows to two lanes with narrow shoulders. The road alignment is relatively straight without dramatic curves for the length of the corridor. Route 11 changes from Lee Highway to Hiwassee Street through the

Document Type: EA-Administrative Record Index Field: Environmental Assessment Project Name: TVA System Operations Center and Power System Supply Project Number: 2019-1 TVA SYSTEM OPERATIONS CENTER AND POWER SYSTEM SUPPLY FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Bradley, Hamilton, and Meigs Counties, Tennessee Prepared by: TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY Chattanooga, Tennessee February 2020 Direct Comments to: Anita E. Masters NEPA Program Tennessee Valley Authority 1101 Market Street, BR 2C Chattanooga, Tennessee 37402 This page intentionally left blank Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 – PURPOSE AND NEED FOR ACTION . 1 1.1 Proposed Action – Address the Current Physical and Reliability Risks Present in the Existing System Operations Center . 1 1.2 Need for the Proposed Action . 4 1.2.1 Physical Risks . 5 1.2.2 Reliability Risks . 7 1.3 Decisions to be Made . 8 1.4 Related Environmental Reviews or Documentation . 8 1.5 Scoping

NPS Form 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 (March 1992) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. _X___ New Submission ____ Amended Submission ======================================================================================================= A. Name of Multiple Property Listing ======================================================================================================= Historic and Historical Archaeological Resources of the Cherokee Trail of Tears ======================================================================================================= B. Associated Historic Contexts ======================================================================================================= (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) See Continuation Sheet ======================================================================================================= C. Form Prepared by =======================================================================================================

A photo taken in 1903 of Walking Log Elizabeth “Betsy” Brown Stephens, age 82, a Cherokee who walked Are you walking with a team? Come up with a the Trail of Tears. Walking with Jesus team name and pool your miles to reach your goal. When you’ve completed your “walk” come to the Learn. table at Coffee Hour and receive your prize. 1838 -1839 Can you do all four walks? Why is this called the Trail of Tears? Trail of Tears Date Distance Where Why were the Cherokee forced to leave their homes? Where did they go? How long did it take for them to get there? Who was the President of the United States at this time? In the summer of 1838, U.S. troops arrested approx. 1,000 Cherokees, marched them to Fort Hembree in North Carolina, then on to deportation camps in Tennessee. . and Ponder 2200 Miles What would it feel like to suddenly have to leave your home without taking anything with you? Take Flat Jesus with you, take photos of Have you or someone you know moved to a brand He has told you, O mortal, what is good; your adventures, and send them to new place? [email protected]! and what does the Lord require of you but Posting your pics on Facebook or What was hard about that? to do justice, and to love kindness, and to Instagram? Tag First Pres by adding Why was the relocation wrong? walk humbly with your God? @FirstPresA2 #FlatJesus. Micah 6:8 “The Trail of Tears,” was painted in 1942 by Robert Lindneux 1838-1839 Trail of Tears to commemorate the suffering of the Cherokee people.

Southern Corridor Area Plan Draft for Planning Commission Review Draft Date: November 12, 2013 This page intentionally left blank. Table of Contents PLAN OVERVIEW ________________________________1 CHAPTER 1: AREA PROFILE _______________________3 Overview . 3 Geographic Profile . 3 Infrastructure & Facilities Overview . 5 Capacity for Growth . 6 CHAPTER 2: TARGETED PLANNING CHALLENGES ___7 Overview . 7 CHAPTER 3: MASTER PLAN _______________________11 Overview . 11 Plan Vision . 11 Plan Goals . 12 Future Land Use Recommendations . 15 Future Transportation Routes . 23 Future Utility Service Areas. 25 Future Fire and Rescue Services. 26 CHAPTER 4: ACTION STRATEGIES _________________27

Newsletter of the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail Partnership • Spring 2018 – Number 29 Leadership from the Cherokee Nation and the National Trail of Tears Association Sign Memorandum of Understanding Tahlequah, OK Principal Chief Bill John Baker expressed Nation’s Historic Preservation Officer appreciation for the work of the Elizabeth Toombs, whereby the Tribe Association and the dedication of its will be kept apprised of upcoming members who volunteer their time and events and activities happening on talent. or around the routes. The Memo encourages TOTA to engage with The agreement establishes a line for govt. and private entities and routine communications between to be an information source on the Trail of Tears Association and the matters pertaining to Trial resource CHEROKEE NATION PRINCIPAL CHIEF BILL JOHN Cherokee Nation through the Cherokee conservation and protection. BAKER AND THE TRAIL OF TEARS PRESIDENT JACK D. BAKER SIGN A MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING FORMALIZING THE CONTINUED PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE TRAIL OF TEARS ASSOCIATION AND THE CHEROKEE NATION TO PROTECT AND PRESERVE THE ROUTES AS WELL AS EDUCATING THE PUBLIC ABOUT THE HISTORY ASSOCIATED WITH THE TRAIL OF TEARS. Cherokee Nation Principal Chief Bill John Baker and Trail of Tears Association President Jack D. Baker, signed a Memorandum of Understanding on March 1st, continuing a long-time partnership between the association and the tribe. Aaron Mahr, Supt. of the National Trails Intermountain Region, the National Park Service office which oversees the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail said “The Trails Of Tears Association is our primary non-profit volunteer organization on the national historic trail, and the partnership the PICTURED ABOVE: (SEATED FROM L TO R) S.

Monday, October 12, 7:30 PM EDT AND SO WE WALKED DELANNA STUDI AND THE TRAIL OF TEARS Moss Arts Center HomeStage Series AND SO WE WALKED DELANNA STUDI AND THE TRAIL OF TEARS Moderated by Mae Hey, assistant professor of American Indian Studies, Virginia Tech Produced by Octopus Theatricals Mara Isaacs, executive/creative producer Creator and Performer DeLanna Studi Director Corey Madden Excerpts from And So We Walked: Andrew Jackson Fort Cass Stomp Dance Presented in celebration of Indigenous People’s Day, in partnership with the Virginia Tech American Indian and Indigenous Community Center Program Notes PLAYWRIGHT’S NOTE This is a story about a journey. Perhaps that is a statement of the obvious, since you are here to see a play about “An Artist’s Journey along the Trail of Tears.” But it is more than that. It isn’t just my story about my journey. It is a Cherokee story, one that transcends my own personal identity and experiences. It belongs to the Cherokee people, past and present; to the Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma and Eastern Band of Cherokee in North Carolina; and to the dozens of people across the country who helped me complete this project. The Cherokee have a word, gadugi (written in Cherokee as “ᎦᏚᎩ”), which describes the tradition of coming together as a community to promote, support, and celebrate each other. Gadugi is a reflection of the tribal mentality and the awareness of our ancestors that we are stronger together. By helping one another, we help the collective. While the word is often connected to communal work (such as barn raisings), it also has a more spiritual meaning.

East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 8-2003 Cherokee Indian Removal: The rT eaty of New Echota and General Winfield cott.S Ovid Andrew McMillion East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation McMillion, Ovid Andrew, "Cherokee Indian Removal: The rT eaty of New Echota and General Winfield Scott." (2003). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 778. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/778 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cherokee Indian Removal: The Treaty of New Echota and General Winfield Scott _________________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Masters in Arts _________________________ by Ovid Andrew McMillion May 2003 _________________________ Dr. Dale Royalty, Chair Dr. Colin Baxter Dr. Dale Schmitt Keywords: Cherokee Indians, Winfield Scott, Treaty of New Echota, John Ross ABSTRACT The Treaty of New Echota and General Winfield Scott by Ovid Andrew McMillion The Treaty of New Echota was signed by a small group of Cherokee Indians and provided for the removal of the Cherokees from their lands in the southeastern United States. This treaty was secured by dishonest means and, despite the efforts of Chief John Ross to prevent the removal of the Cherokees from their homeland to west of the Mississippi River, the terms of the treaty were executed.

A story that should be told. A people who should be remembered. A passport takes you to another land, providing access to From 1832 – 1837, Red Clay in southern Bradley County was explore customs and cultures that are often different from the council grounds of the Cherokee Nation where their our own. In the late 1700s, passports were issued to federal government conducted Cherokee business. While anyone visiting the Cherokee Nation, which consisted of Red Clay is designated by the National Park Service as an eight districts and approximately 20,000 Cherokee people. interpreted site on the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail, The concept of a passport, themed in this guide, emphasizes other significant sites have sat unexplained to the general that this area was a separate nation from the United States public until recently. Many of these sites are in the area of of America. This was the Cherokee Nation. the Hiwassee River. The Hiwassee River and the settlements on its banks were witness to important and ultimately heartbreaking historical events. Settled around the river, Charleston and Calhoun were often referred to as the twin cities. These two southern river towns in Tennessee may be small, but their place in history is significant and only recently interpreted. An important piece of American history was almost lost until the community began a heritage development plan. You are invited to begin your own journey of discovery. This passport will help guide you as you explore the compelling Cherokee heritage of this area. Uncut and unbound pages, called Signatures printed in 1856 by Mission Press can be viewed at Red Clay State Historic Park.

Your Passport to Explore Cherokee Heritage Cherokee Sites of Bradley County-Cleveland and Charleston, Tennessee and surrounding areas passport takes you to another land, providing access to explore customs Aand cultures that are often different from our own. In the late 1700s, passports were issued to anyone visiting the Cherokee Nation, which consisted of eight districts and approximately 20,000 Cherokee people. The concept of a passport, themed in this guide, emphasizes that this area was a separate nation from the United States of America. This was the Cherokee Nation. A Story That Needs to Be Told and A People WHo Should be Remembered rom 1832–1837, Red Clay in southern Bradley County was the F council grounds of the Cherokee Nation where their federal government conducted Cherokee business. While Red Clay is an interpreted site certified by the National Trail of Tears Association, other significant sites have sat unexplained to the general public until recently. Many of these sites are in the area of the Hiwassee River. The Hiwassee River and the settlements on its banks were witness to important and ultimately heartbreaking historical events. Settled around the river, Charleston and Calhoun were often referred to as the twin cities. These two southern river towns in Tennessee may be small, but their place in history is significant and largely untold until now. An important piece of American history was almost lost until residents decided this was a story that needs to be told and a people who should be remembered. You are invited to begin your own journey of discovery.

Table of Contents Introduction . 1 Steamboats . 2 Keelboats . 5 Flatboats . 7 Ferries . 9 The Tuscumbia, Courtland & Decatur Railroad . 11 Early 19th Century Roads and Turnpikes . 17 Wagons, Carriages, and Carryalls . .23 The Zuraw Wagon . 27 This publication was made possible by the Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (CESU) Task Agreement P18AC01316 with National Trails– National Park Service and the Center for Historic Preservation at Middle Tennessee State University . For more information about the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail, please access: nps .gov/trte/index .htm . Booklet layout by MTSU Creative Marketing Solutions Cover: Bolivar-Somerville Stage Road, Fayette/Hardeman counties, Tennessee November 2020 1120-9331 MTSU is an AA/EEO employer . Introduction Steamboats In 1835, a minority of Cherokee leaders, acting outside of the authority From 1837 to 1839, nine different steamboats were employed to assist in the of the Cherokee government, signed the Treaty of New Echota . This treaty transportation of Cherokee detachments in reaching Indian Territory . These set the conditions for the Cherokee removal: In exchange for $5 million, steamboats included the Knoxville, Newark, Revenue, Smelter, Little Rock, George the tribe would abandon their homes and lands in western North Carolina, Guess, Tecumseh, Itasca, and Victoria . Several of these steamboats were also used northern Georgia and Alabama, and southeastern Tennessee and relocate in the removal of the Muscogee (Creek), Chickasaw, and Seminole . to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) . The Cherokee were given until Steamboats were plying America’s waterways for decades prior to the removal of the May 1838 to remove voluntarily . Most refused to recognize the Treaty of Cherokee .

F R I D A Y 162nd YEAR • No. 167 NOVEMBER 11, 2016 CLEVELAND, TN 22 PAGES • 50¢ Coming Sunday Duracell to close packing Shopping info to be featured plant in 2018; 140 affected Getting deeper and deeper into November means this: The time for By SARALYN NORKUS ations comes as the result of a plan to consolidate holiday shopping is here! Need Banner Staff Writer parts of the company footprint. some ideas or do you wonder An exact date for the 2018 packing plant closure Duracell Battery will shut down part of its has not yet been determined, he said. where to go to find what? Check out Cleveland plant operations in 2018, a decision that “This decision makes Duracell’s supply chain our annual Holiday Shopping spe- will affect 140 employees. more efficient,” Lorch said in a company media cial section in Sunday’s edition of The company announcement came Thursday statement. “However, we recognize the impact this the Cleveland Daily Banner. You after the “packing plant” workers — who represent will have on our team members and their families might find something you like! about 40 percent of Duracell’s local labor force — in Tennessee and pledge to provide support and were informed earlier in the day. Banner photo, DONNA KAYLOR necessary resources to help them transition to a DURACELL BATTERY announced Thursday that it will be ceasing Robert Lorch, president of Global Operations for positive new beginning, either within Duracell or Food for local Duracell, told the Cleveland Daily Banner the com- operations at the Cleveland packing plant in 2018.

Hair Conrad cabin 433 Blythewood Road SW Cleveland, Tennessee Text by Sarah Jackson Martin and Carroll Van West 2006 The one-and-one-half story cabin sits on a wooded hillside facing west overlooking Blythewood Road on land now known as Blythewood Farms. The cabin was built by a wealthy Cherokee, Hair Conrad, circa 1804 and represents the blending of Native American and European influences. Although a circa 1930 kitchen was added, the property retains its historic integrity both in its construction and setting. The (20’ x 22’) single-pen log cabin rests on a dry-laid stone pier foundation, as does the façade porch. The circa 1930s kitchen addition is on a stone masonry foundation. The west facade features a full shed porch supported by four round posts with centrally positioned stone steps. There is a single central entrance flanked by two one-over-one double hung windows, which have been enlarged to accommodate manufactured casings. The walls are made of hewn poplar logs 12-18 inches wide and six inches thick, and are joined at the corners with half-dovetail notching. None of the original chinking and daubing material is evident. The side-gable tin roof is framed and historically would have been wood shingle. The south elevation features a large limestone chimney not original to the house. The present owners replaced the chimney circa 1930; the overall width was maintained. Two windows on the main level flank the chimney: a large two-over-two window on the upper level. The circa 1930 balloon-frame kitchen addition extends along the entire rear (east) elevation.